The Prevalence Of Obesity And Obesity - 2398 Words

In the 2010 census, 42.0 million people, approximately 14 percent of the U.S. population, identified themselves as black or African American. African American (AA) experience higher prevalence of many diseases, disability, death, and injury (cdc 1). It is observed that AA females are more likely to suffer from obesity, diabetes and heart diseases more than their White counterparts. Among AA females aged 2–19 years old, 24% are considered obese compared to 14% whites. A similar pattern was reported among women older than 20 years of age showing that 51% of AA women are obese compared to 33% of their counterpart White women. (1) The prevalence of obesity was inversely associated with the family income among Whites of all age groups. This was not the case in AA females, a higher prevalence of obesity was observed within most family income categories. (1) African American women also experience the highest rate of type 2 diabetes, especially those who are overweight or obese. Amon g AA females 65-74 years of age, it is reported that one in four women has diabetes. Since Diabetes is closely associated with obesity, primary prevention measures should include changes in the adverse behavioral lifestyle such as physical inactivity and poor diet ( Huff text book p 250-251). It is also noted that African American women with diabetes experience greater odds of disability than those without diabetes ( Thorpe 4). In addition, the rates of diseases that may lead to disabilities are moreShow MoreRelatedObesity : The Prevalence Of Obesity1154 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The prevalence of obesity in the UK and worldwide is increasing. More than half of UK men and women aged ≠¥ 18 years old are considered overweight [i.e., a body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2) ≠¥ 25], and nearly one-fourth are clinically obese (BMI ≠¥ 30). Most of the cases of obesity within the UK are termed moderate. Nevertheless, moderate obesity is a risk factor for many long term metabolic conditions such as dyslipidaemia, hypertension, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance and type IIRead MoreThe Prevalence Of Obesity And Obesity1196 Words   |  5 PagesThe prevalence of obesity has increased significantly in populations worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) (2015) estimated that 400 million adults were considered obese worldwide and is projected to double by the year 2015. Traditionally, obesity is associated with high caloric intake and lower levels of physical activity in high income Western countries. However, low and middle income countries are incre asingly becoming obese and becoming a major public health concern in regards to qualityRead MoreThe Prevalence Of Obesity And Obesity2298 Words   |  10 PagesThe prevalence of obesity has increased at an alarming rate in the last three decades (Wang, 2007). This disease termed as being overweight is diagnosed by body mass index, 30 kg/m2 or higher. Within the child and adolescent population, those 6-19 years old, 16% are considered overweight and 34% are at risk of being overweight (Wang, 2007). Across gender, boys and girls have similar national averages though greater differences exist among racial groups (Wang, 2007). Within the child and adolescentRead MoreChildhood Obesity : The Prevalence Of Obesity1525 Words   |  7 PagesIn recent years, the world’s prevalence of obesity in children has increased alarmingly in most of the countries. It is estimated that 170 million of children under 18 years old are overweight, in the US there is a 30% prevalence of obesity, simi larly 27% of children in Mexico are obese (OCDE, 2014; Gutià ©rrez et al., 2012). In some countries like East Germany, New Zealand, the Netherlands and Canada the prevalence of overweight children had risen by one percentage point each year (Wang LobesteinRead MoreObesity Prevalence Of Overweight And Obesity Essay2083 Words   |  9 Pagesdecades, the prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased in the United States of America. Many of the results related to obesity considered to be an adult disease in the past, now obesity also affects young peoples body healthy. In children and adolescents, obesity increases the risk of adult obesity with complications. For example, hypertension, diabetes and heart disease are well known. Obesity in children and adolescents will be a prevalent and costly disease. Overweight and obesity are highlyRead MorePrevalence Of Overweight And Obesity Essay1249 Words   |  5 PagesThe aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of overwei ght/obesity among parents of children entering childhood obesity treatment and to evaluate changes in the parents’ weight during their child’s treatment (Trier, 2016). The study included the parents of 1,125 children and adolescents (aged 3-22) who were enrolled in a children obesity treatment program. They began by taking the heights and weights of the children and the BMI scores were calculated. After 2.5 years of treatment, theRead MoreThe Prevalence Of The Obesity Epidemic1677 Words   |  7 Pagesthat has been slowly augmenting child obesity levels in North America. Without a doubt, recent statistics prove that the prevalence of obesity in children has risen greatly. What we may refer to as the ‘obesity epidemic’, can account for a wide range of serious health complications among children including hepatitis type II diabetes, risk of impulsive illnesses, and premature death. The advocacy documentary, Fed Up, sheds critical insight on the raising obes ity epidemic, caused mainly by the processed-foodRead MoreThe Prevalence Of Childhood Obesity Essay1860 Words   |  8 PagesThe prevalence of childhood obesity in the United States has greatly increased in the past two to three decades 1, while incidence of obesity has doubled worldwide since 1980 2. Today, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates over 170 million children and adolescents worldwide are overweight. Particularly in the United States, prevalence of obesity in children has increased from 13.9% in 1999 to 31.8% in 2010 3. After nearly two decades of increase, the rates have started to plateau 4. ThresholdsRead MoreObesity And Its Increasing Prevalence Essay1437 Words   |  6 PagesThe topic of obesity and its increasing prevalence has captured much attention in the course of several decades. With over 36 percent of the American adult population considered obese between 2011-2014, speculations about its cause, contribution to chronic health conditions, and econo mic burdens have received considerable awareness (Ogden, Carroll, Fryar and Flegal, 2015). Commonly in research, obesity levels are measured through the Body Mass Index (BMI) scale. A BMI of 25-30 is considered overweightRead MoreThe Prevalence Of Childhood Obesity1678 Words   |  7 PagesThe prevalence of childhood obesity has remained a serious matter in the United States over the years despite its recent decline (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). Children who are obese can experience the same devastating health effects as adults who are obese – cardiovascular issues, diabetes, breathing problems, and so forth. In addition, children who are obese are more than likely to become obese as adults, therefore the development of a health fair that would highlight increased

Childhood Obesity A World Wide Health Problem For Our...

Childhood Obesity Raelene S. Webb ENG 122-English Composition Instructor Mallan-King 10-12-2014 Childhood Obesity is a world-wide health problem for our children. There are many costs associated with obesity. The total cost of obesity in America is 100 billion dollars and climbing. Ninety seven million Americans are overweight or obese. Should we as Americans be concerned about our children? Childhood obesity is associated with adverse health effects. Genetics even show that the environment may play a big role in obesity. Childhood obesity has never been as high as it is today. Over the last thirty years, obesity in children has nearly tripled. There are many significant problems that are affiliated with obesity,†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, the less that is known about weight-based teasing and its potential harmful effects on young people’s psychosocial well-being, the less we do something about it (Eisenburg ME, 2003.) There have been many studies that talk about children that are overweight and are being bullied (Health.com.) According to CNN Health, there have been studies that show that obese children are bullied more if they are smart, and have good social skills (CNN Health.) This particular study claims that over a time, 65% were more likely to be bullied than their peers whom were not overweight. A clinical professor at Case Western Reserve in Cleveland, Ohio states that the low self-esteem of overweight children may in fact make them targets for bullies. Regarding the barriers to weight loss by the children, attempts should be made to change the attitude of the community toward obesity, especially childhood obesity (Lawman GG, Wilson DK, n.d.) The National Bureau of Economic Research states that the number of fast food restaurants have doubled over the past 30 years, and they also attract overweight people in ‘super sizing’ their meals. Fast food restaurants have high saturated fats and no basic healthy value to their foods (Fast-Food consumption among United States adults and children, 2003.) Fruits, vegetables and grains must be incorporated and have an important staple in everyone’s diet. It has been frequently suggested that

Comparing Calvinism And Arminianism And Two Systems Of...

There is no debate in the Christian community that over 2000 years ago, Jesus Christ died on the cross. However, the question raised by many is just â€Å"who† did he die for? Whose sins did he atone? Did he die for all of us or only the elect? Many Christians have openly debated about just how one is saved for centuries, but not everyone sees eye-to-eye on the matter. Both Calvinism and Arminianism, two systems of theology, â€Å"attempt to explain the relationship between God’s sovereignty and man’s responsibility in the matter of salvation† (Calvinism vs. Arminianism). Just what is Calvinism and Arminianism? Which group of thoughts is right? Where did they come from? Before being able to answer that question, one must understand each†¦show more content†¦He was born in Oudewater, Holland in 1560, the same year â€Å"John Calvin was busy establishing the Genevan Academy to propagate his ideas of predestination† (Jacob Arminius, C hristian History). In 1575 Arminius started attending the University of Leyden. While there, the municipal authorities of Amsterdam agreed to pay all of Arminius’s academic expenses in return for his pledge to spend the remainder of his life serving the Amsterdam church (Christian History Institute). A year after he began his public ministry in 1588, the ecclesiastical senate of Amsterdam asked Arminius to respond to the teachings of Dutch poet, translator, playwright, and moralist Dirk Coornhert. Coornhert rejected much of Calvin’s doctrine of predestination, justification, and punishment of heretics by death (Christian History Institute). â€Å"Weighing the arguments, Arminius thought Coornhert right, but would not commit himself until he had made a diligent study of the scriptures, the early church fathers, and later divines† (Christian History Institute). Arminius later became firmly against Calvinism after thoroughly studying the Epistle to the Romans. He found that â€Å"it is an eternal and gracious decree of God in Christ, by which he determines to justify and adopt believers, and to endow them with eternal life but to condemn unbelievers, and impenitent persons† (Galli 42). A year after Arminius’s death in 1609, Arminius’s followers came to be known as the

Factors Impacting Decision Making in Rio Tinto Company

Question: Discuss about the Factors Impacting Decision Making in Rio Tinto Company. Answer: The decision-making process is crucial in every organization. However, these decisions are greatly affected by factors both internal and external. The environment plays a significant role in ensuring that firms achieve their set objectives. With globalization, competition is increasing and this calls for the need for organizations to make the best decisions based on those factors. The Rio Tinto Company, which is a British-Australian firm is one of the leading mining and metal companies. Rio Tinto was started in 1873. The company operates worldwide. Operating globally exposes the company to several competitors. For Rio Tinto management to make sound decisions which will lead to the achievement of its objectives, a critical analysis of the operational environment is relevant. The Rio Tinto company is one of the leading producers of copper, iron ore, uranium, coal, diamonds and several others. Despite mineral extraction, Rio Tinto refines iron ore and bauxite. The vision of Rio Tinto is to become the leading mining and metal company in the world. The trending issue is that the demand for minerals and metals keep on increasing despite the declining economy. As technology improves each day, the demand rises since most of those technologies make use of the minerals. The political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal (PESTLE) factors play a key role in the demand and supply of goods for the company (Marmol, Feys Probert, 2015). Governments have raised taxes on the extraction of iron due to the prediction that the iron ore is declining. The impact of this is that management has to make decisions on how to finance the mining, extraction, and distribution of the products. Some economic factors affecting the company include a drop in sales due to the increase of iron products from the United States, and the slowdown of the Chinese economy (Pyle, 2014). Nevertheless, Europe is in an economic crisis. One of the major social problems associated with mining is pollution. People are complaining about the pollution ef fects caused by industries on the environment (Sell, 2015). The emission of gasses into the atmosphere leads to the depletion of the ozone layer giving way for the harmful ultra violet radiations into the earths surface. Problems associated with the UV rays include skin cancer and the destruction of plants. Nevertheless, acid rains due to harmful gasses destroy plants making it hard for societies to survive as poverty levels are likely to increase. (Pol Thomas, 2014). Management also has to decide on technology. For instance, driverless tracks and trains in the mining sites which will facilitate operations (Geological Survey, 2014). Several legal requirements have emerged. Management is now required to do reports regarding the greenhouse gas emissions (Kumar, 2015). For any project likely to contribute to the emission of gasses, Rio Tinto is to report to the authorities (Rio Tinto, 2017). But what are the companys strengths and opportunities in making decisions? The Rio Tintos strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats are also important when making decisions (Pahl, Richter University of Applied Science Berlin, 2014). A critical analysis of the four items is crucial. The internal business environment has modern technologies for mining and extraction of metals. Another strength is that the Rio Tinto brand is well-known in over fifty (50) countries in the world. As a leader in the copper and aluminum extraction, Rio Tinto has an opportunity to expand its operational zone. The rising need for aluminum provides the company with an opportunity to grow. The social media has also provided the company with a platform where it can conduct its marketing activities and attract more clients. However, some of the threats and weaknesses which face the company include strict government laws regarding the companys processing activities, government interventions which lead to operational inefficiencies and the high debt rates. Nevertheless, the company is facing a stiff competition from companies like De Beer SA, Alcoa Inc., Anglo American plc and Newmont Mining Corporation. From the SWOT analysis, there are several things which management can do to improve the organizations position. To increase the employee performance, new technologies have to be introduced. This will in turn, lead to an increase in production. New and updated systems can serve as motivational factors for some people. Management has to put this into consideration in the decision-making process. Competitors affect the business strategy of an organization in several ways. For instance, the competition faced by Rio Tinto is very high. To counter the competitors, their marketing strategy will have to change. As most people use the social media for communication, there is need to make use of the platform to inform people of the existence of the company (Brown British Computer Society, 201 3). Business structures and strategies change depending on the operational environment. For instance, an individual operating a sole proprietorship might find it hard to compete with partnerships or companies. What is the person supposed to do? For most, the best thing to do is to change the operational strategy to either a partnership of a sole proprietor (Spadaccini, 2017). Trade is about building a companys reputation and attaining the set goals and objectives. For Rio Tinto to be effective globally, several changes need to take place. For instance, the introduction of new management in the foreign nations where expansion needs to take place and the introduction of new technologies to increase output. Nevertheless, due to the government regulation of activities, Rio Tinto has to change its operational strategies to fit the governments demands. Operational strategies will have to change to favor environmental friendly methods. This will help to reduce the pollution rates thereby doing away with some social problems. The customer-client relationship is what builds organizations. Strategies to improve the relationship are of great significance. Without customers, why the need for a business then? Clients form part of the business environment. This makes the study of the demographics an element of study for any organization. But what is Rio Tinto to do regarding this? A strategy to reach the potential consumers on time is of the essence. Special offers can be made to the potential consumers to build trust between them and the firm. What about those people who do not know the existence of the organization? The best strategy is to find online marketers who are well established to market their brand. The decision-making process is not an easy task as some individuals might think (Baker, 2014). It needs the analysis of the political, social, environmental, economic and legal environments. Whichever decision made, it must comply with those factors. All the factors can be found within, or outside the business. The employee-employer relationship is a great determinant of what strategy is to be adopted. However, the most important factor to put into consideration is the organizational culture. Organizational culture is what shapes the operations of Rio Tinto mining company. The culture supports business ethics. What does ethics entail? So many things which include the rules and regulations to follow to achieve the objectives of Rio Tinto. Abiding by the rules is a strategy which management should ensure that every person follows. Rules govern every operation. The decision-making relies on those rules. Following rules, in any event, be it production or sporting events will always lead to the desired direction. Paying attention to even the slightest changes in the rules should be a basic need for employees. Organizational changes begin with changes of the rules. To be able to implement the best business strategies, rules must be present as well as consideration of the internal and external factors affecting business operations. The managers of Rio Tinto should: Analyze the political environment Do a research of the prevailing market. Set short-term achievable goals and objectives. Use the existing opportunities to the companys advantage. Make good use of the social media to get more clients (Sweeney Craig, 2013). Environmental factors are the determine factors of how a business operates, how it relates to the society and how its future is likely to be. It is good for management to invest more and keep progress of the changing environment. The Rio Tinto management should track changes in the economy, technology, legal environment as well as the demographics which provide them with the market (Roll, 2013). The SWOT and PESTLE analysis are crucial for the Rio Tinto management to attaining its goal and objectives. In fact, decisions made by the company should be based analysis of the two concepts. Evaluation of the implemented strategies should be done. Evaluation will show the company where it is in its operations. This information is helpful since managers can use it to make predictions and hence formulate new strategies if the existing ones are not working out well. Human resource should also be considered as a factor affecting decision making by the Rio Tinto industry. The employees are part of the company and any decisions made will affect them either directly or indirectly. Motivating the employees will lead to an increase in productivity, the creation of good employer-employee relationship and thereby improving the reputation of Rio Tinto. References Rio Tinto. (2017, April 7). About Rio Tinto. Retrieved from Rio Tinto: https://www.riotinto.com/aboutus/about-rio-tinto-5004.aspx Geological Survey. (2014). Minerals Yearbook: Area Reports: International Review 2007:Asia and the Pacific. Geological Survey Marmol, T. ., Feys, B., Probert, C. (2015). PESTLE analysis. Place of publication not Identified. Pahl, N., Richter, A., University of Applied Science Berlin. (2014). SWOT analysis: Idea, methodology and a practical approach. Munchen: GRIN Verlag Sweeney, S., Craig, R. (2013). Social media for business: 101 ways to grow your business without wasting your time. Gulf Breeze, FL: Maximum Press Brown, E., British Computer Society. (2013). working the crowd: Social media marketing For business. London: BCS Pol, L. G., Thomas, R. K. (2014). Demography for business decision making. Westport,Conn: Quorum Baker, A. J. (2014). Business decision making. London: Croom Helm Sell, N. J. (2015). Industrial pollution control: Issues and techniques. New York: John Wiley Sons. Kumar, A. (2016). Industrial pollution: Problems and solutions. Delhi: Daya Publishing House Pyle, D. J. (2014). Chinese Lessons or Chinese Puzzles? Spadaccini, M. (2017). Business structures. Irvine, CA: Entrepreneur Press. Roll. I. E. R. (2013). Economics, government, and business. London: Athlone Press

Ventures Originating Small Open Economies -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Ventures Originating Small Open Economies? Answer: Introduction The report helps in proper analysis of different marketing strategies of the well known company named Nestle. Nestle is one of the largest as well as well known companies in the entire world and the Nestls headquarter is situated in Vevey Switzerland. The inauguration of the respective company was conducted in the year 1866 and till date they have implemented different strategies that have helped them in being the best companies within the competitors. The main aim and purpose of the report is to analyze the different marketing strategies along with proper star analysis as well as value chain analysis of Nestle. Proper information has to be provided on the home as well as supplier country of Nestle along with customer and partner country wherein it is continuing their business. The structure of the report includes proper introduction on the home, supplier, customer as well as partner country of Nestle. The overall strategy as well as recommendations has to be provided as this will help in analysis of the marketing strategies. Home country Nestle is one of the transnational drink as well as food company that is situated in Vevey, Vaud, Switzerland. It is one of the largest food organizations in the entire world that has been measured with the help of revenues along with other metrics as well. () helped in identification of the importance of the home country with the help of analyzing the proper influence of the competitive advantage. The different factors of Porters Diamond Model that includes factor conditions, demand conditions, strategy of firm as well as relative and rivalry industries has been used in order to properly analyze the competitive advantage of the respective company in the home country (Appiah-Adu and Amoako 2016). Nestle continues the reign at top of the food as well as beverage industry, however the top competitor of Nestle is Britannia in the food and beverage industry and in India, Nestle is the second largest consumer of Nestle Products after Switzerland (Hallback and Gabrielsson 2013). Furthermore, the consumers in India are sophisticated as well as knowledgeable with the different interests that are changing in nature. Nestle is one of the top food and beverage companies among the competitors as they use cheaper substitute products for their different items and they stand out in the crowd in their home country as well (Perreault Jr, Cannon and McCarthy 2013). The Porters diamond Model helps in proper identification of the rivalry or competitors in the home country as the factor that is competitive in nature. In the present era, Nestle is facing huge amount of challenge as well as competition from Britannia. Furthermore, Nestle is protecting the brand image of their brand from other competitors by trying to distinguish itself from the Britannia. Proper strategic decisions have been implemented as this will help in contributing to the success of the entire brand (Appiah-Adu 2016). Partner Country The partner country is the second component after home country. Partner nation for the organization is wherein the partner companies are operated as well as established. The proper contribution of partner organization as well as country is vital in nature as this helps in building proper value of the entire company and this helps in determination of success as well. Nestle company has proper strategy of franchising that helps them in maintaining proper place in the entire competitive market. Nestle is trying to secure world class position in different other sectors as well other than beverages (Galician 2013). The respective company properly manufactures as well as sells the branded beverage to their customers. The Nestle Company has able to bring the idea to provide their products as well as services to the different areas as well as countries. The headquarter of the company is situated in Vevey, Vaud, Switzerland and it is operating in more than eight more countries as well that includes The United States of America (Armstrong et al. 2015). The net revenue of the Nestle Company is more than 89.46 billion CHF and it is serving more than 350 million customers as well in the entire nation (Atwal and Williams 2017). All the main as well as major partners are located strategically in order to enter as well as serve different corners of the entire global market of Nestle through different strategies of localization as well as franchising. Nestle Company is the first and foremost in the entire food and beverage industry and this is making them attract more customers in the competitive market as well (Williams and Nestle 2015). Supplier Country The raw materials of the respective organization are based entirely on the sourcing of the supplier country. The different organizations in the market strive for the proper identification of the best supplier in the entire market in order to gain proper competitive advantage as well (Bhattacharya 2016). The inbound logistics plays a vital role in the act of receiving, distributing as well as delivering required inputs that is cost efficient as well as cost beneficial in nature. The star analysis of Nestle helped in understanding the long run relationship with different suppliers as well. The mineral water that is packed as well as produced by Nestle is one of the essential business units that are operating in an industry and it has proper potential to grow further as well (Dadzie et al. 2017). There are different other companies in the market that are dealing with proper introduction of mineral water; however Nestle has properly maintained a significant kind of position in the entire market. The brand Nestle have the capacity in maintaining proper market share and this can require few more potential to become cash cow in the next few years as well (Baker and Saren 2016). Therefore, it can be seen that there is rise in population as well as increased urbanization leads to the increase in the consumption and Nestle is one of the major source of earnings for the entire company as well (Payaud 2014). The other major factor that has properly contributed in making star is the actual potential of Nestle for growth in the emerging markets and this helped in providing potential growth opportunities to the entire business on a global scale as well. Customer Country The final element in the international business strategy is the customer country that helped in analysis of the target market identification and to deduce the strategies of marketing as well. Nestle has served in more than 150 countries and this has helped them in making and creating a global impact on the entire nation as well. The logo of Nestle Company is recognized by more than 95% of the entire population in the world and this is one of the successful brands globally with the help of adaptation of diversification strategy internationally. It has also adopted diversification strategies in order to meet the interest of the customers. In the entire international market, Nestle Company has properly maintained the same kind of quality of the different products as well as services from the last few years. With the proper help of standardization strategy that is utilized by Nestle Company, it has properly developed a proper loyal base of customer across the world. The standardization strategy has also helped the company Nestle in standardizing the economies of scale as well as plants that is a kind of cost advantage to the entire company as well. In order to plead the diverse kind of interests of the target customers, the approaches of marketing of Nestle has been more localized. Hence, Nestle strives properly to understand the different tastes as well as cultures of the different local markets before execution of the campaign of marketing. The Porters Value Chain Analysis of Nestle is shown below: From the value chain analysis, it can be analyzed that Nestle has value created along with the society as well. For Nestle, it helped in securing supplies along with proper improvement of the community relationships as well as quality of product. Furthermore, the society gets value with the help of improving the yields as well as increase in the income. The society gets proper advantage by reducing the entire consumption of the natural resources and creating jobs for the local communities as well. Overall Strategy and Conclusions Therefore, it can be inferred that Nestle is one of the successful food and Beverage Company in the entire world. The Nestle Company has properly extended their operations as well as brands along with customers in global scale. The Nestle Company that is located in Vevey Switzerland, the respective company is gaining proper benefit from the other competitors in the market as well. The different factors that include demand conditions, rivalry as well as the other supporting industries assist the entire company in gaining proper competitive advantage as well. Nestle Company helps in creating value for the own organization as well as for the entire society. The Nestle Company has gained proper value by securing supplies of high quality raw materials along with proper improvement of relationship of community and quality of the product as well. Nestle Company helps in lowering the entire cost of distribution as well as manufacturing and this helps them in achieving competitive advantage in the entire competitive market as well. The Nestle Company uses different principles and not rules and this helped in creating proper value that can be sustained over long term for employees, business partners as well as national and international economies. The suppliers of Nestle help in contributing to the inbound logistics of the company as well that provides proper competitive advantage to them as well. Hence, home, supplier, partner as well as customer country have significant involvement in making Nestle a globally competitive as well as successful organization against the other competitors in the entire industry. References Appiah-Adu, K. and Amoako, G.K., 2016. The execution of marketing strategies in a developing economy: A case study of selected market leaders.African Journal of Economic and Management Studies,7(1), pp.9-29. Appiah-Adu, K., 2016. The execution of marketing strategies in a developing economy. Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M. and Brennan, R., 2015.Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Atwal, G. and Williams, A., 2017. Luxury brand marketingthe experience is everything!. InAdvances in Luxury Brand Management(pp. 43-57). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. Baker, M.J. and Saren, M. eds., 2016.Marketing theory: a student text. Sage. Bhattacharya, C.B., 2016. Responsible Marketing: Doing Well by Doing Good.GfK Marketing Intelligence Review,8(1), pp.8-17. Dadzie, K.Q., Amponsah, D.K., Dadzie, C.A. and Winston, E.M., 2017. How Firms Implement Marketing Strategies in Emerging Markets: An Empirical Assessment of The 4A Marketing Mix Framework.Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice,25(3), pp.234-256. Galician, M.L., 2013.Handbook of product placement in the mass media: New strategies in marketing theory, practice, trends, and ethics. Routledge. Hallbck, J. and Gabrielsson, P., 2013. Entrepreneurial marketing strategies during the growth of international new ventures originating in small and open economies.International Business Review,22(6), pp.1008-1020. Payaud, M.A., 2014. Marketing strategies at the bottom of the pyramid: Examples from Nestle, Danone, and Procter Gamble.Global Business and Organizational Excellence,33(2), pp.51-63. Perreault Jr, W., Cannon, J. and McCarthy, E.J., 2013.Basic marketing. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Williams, S.N. and Nestle, M., 2015. Big Food: taking a critical perspective on a global public health problem.